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Showing 3 results for Maleki
Tax on Capital Gains of Housing Estate; a Sustainable Source of Income for Municipalities and an Appropriate Tool to Control Speculation in the Housing Market
Seyyed Mohammad Hadi Sobhaniyan, Ehsan Aghajani Memar, Saeid Tootoonchi Maleki,
Volume 6, Issue 21 (Winter 2018)
Abstract
By expanding the scope and dimensions of urban life, municipalities, as the main charge of planning system and urban management, have great responsibility and commitment toward society and citizens. It is obvious that performing tasks and duties pertaining to municipalities requires financial resources and appropriate facilities. In our country, unsustainability of municipal revenues has been changed into as one of the main features of cities’ finance. Thus, introducing sustainable source of income for municipalities can help remarkably functional independence and their continuity of servicing. One of the other problems of urban system in Iran is price volatility in the housing sector. This has resulted in deviation of capital toward housing speculation as well as disorders of other investment markets in the country because of structural problems of economy and inefficiencies of the government’s policies resulting in reducing investment in economic productive sectors, particularly in some years. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt practical strategies to control speculation activities and fluctuations in housing prices by policy-makers. A tax base entitled “tax on capital gains of housing estate” has been introduced by using descriptive-analytical method. It can follow two purposes in urban management and planning system simultaneously. The first goal is to create sustainable revenues for municipalities by using the capacity of transactions and exchanges in housing estate market. The second purpose is to create an efficient and effective tool in management and policy-making of housing estate market aiming to avoid speculative trading in this market. Moreover, this policy is in accordance with paragraph 17 of general policies of resistance economy referring to increase in the share of tax revenues.

Spatial Analysis and Prioritization of the Intra-Regional Housing Gap Using the Techniques of Planning (A Study on the Cities of Ilam Province)
Saeid Maleki,
Volume 6, Issue 22 (Spring 2018)
Abstract
Housing has always been the most important thing is human life. Having a safe, secure and comfortable shelter is one of the long-term desires of every human being, but this need is also related to other human needs. On the other hand, today this reality is added to other realities that every phenomenon at any moment is a manifestation of the constant analysis and combination of variables that have regular, continuous, and multiplicative correlations; therefore, in investigating the phenomenon of housing, what is important is the relation and influence of its various aspects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regional indexes affecting housing in Ilam province using TOPSIS technique. The research method is descriptive-analytical and development-applied, and GIS, GRAFER and EXCEL software have been used. The results of the study showed that the density index in the residential unit in the Ilam province between 1996 and 2006, except in 1997 and 1998, has slightly increased, the trend has improved since 1999and has approached the ideal. The average number of households in the residential unit showed that the construction of residential units in the province had been increasing but could not fully compensate for housing shortages. In contrast, the average household in the residential unit in the province had an upward trend. Finally, the TOPSIS model showed that CL was the highest and lowest in the following areas Ilam (0.99), Dehloran (0.13), Ivan (0.09), Mehran (0.08), Abdanan (0.05), Darreshahr (0.04) and Shirvan (0.00).

Investigating the Effect of Indicators of Financial Development, Economic Growth and International Trade with a Comparative Approach in Developing and Developed Countries
Sara Maleki, Mehrzad Minouei, Mirfeiz Fallahshams,
Volume 9, Issue 36 (Fall 2021)
Abstract
Financial development and economic growth have been important economic issues in recent decades. Increasing access to financial information and reducing the cost of access to financial services are key components of developing a proper financial structure. There are different views on the relationship between the development of financial intermediaries and economic growth. Some economists believe that financial development is the result of economic growth and is the cause of economic growth to financial development. And the financial system plays a key role in allocating resources to more productive projects. The present study aims to examine the relationship between economic growth and financial development in developing and developed countries based on two indicators of economic performance and international trade. This research is based on the objectives of research in the category of applied research and based on the type of study of variables of causal type and in terms of method of data collection and research design is quasi-experimental and using post-event approach (through past information). The statistical sample of the study was reviewed in 52 developing countries and 50 developed countries during the period 2018-2001. And data are estimated based on data panel model, fixed effects and GLS. Findings from data analysis show that indicators of financial development and economic growth have significant effects on GDP and international trade volume.

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